Bone Anatomy

Tanaka Y, et al. Evaluation of the accuracy of buccal bone thickness measurement from cone beam computed tomography compared with histologic analysis. J Prosthet Dent. 2023;130(1):68–73.
Kan JY, et al. A 5-year prospective study on the clinical and aesthetic outcomes of immediately placed and provisionalized maxillary anterior single implants. J Periodontology. 2012;83(8):1182-1191.
Heimes D, et al. Buccal bone thickness in anterior and posterior teeth—a systematic review. Healthcare. 2021;30(12):1663.
Dagher M, et al. Marginal bone level and bone thickness reduction in delayed and immediate implant placement protocol 6 months post-loading: an observational clinical prospective study. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2022;21(2):571-579.
Chen ST, et al. Immediate or early placement of implants following tooth extraction: review of biologic basis, clinical procedures, and outcomes. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2004;19(Suppl):12-25.
Martins SCR, et al. Is the facial bone wall critical to achieving esthetic outcomes in immediate implant placement with immediate restoration? A systematic review. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2024;33(9):979-997.
Thai TH, et al. Immediate implant placement in the esthetic zone with marginal preservation: esthetic outcomes in sites with thin buccal bone wall. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2025;24(4):971-977.
Chappuis V, et al. Effectiveness of contour augmentation with guided bone regeneration: 10-year results. J Dent Res. 2017;97(3):266-274.

Cranio-facial Aging

Coleman SR, Grover R. The anatomy of the aging face: volume loss and changes in 3-dimensional topography. Aesthet Surg J. 2006;26(1S):S4-9.
Enlow DH, Hans MG. Essentials of facial growth. Saunders Elsevier; 1996.
Mendelson BC, Wong CH. Changes in the facial skeleton with aging: implications and clinical applications in facial rejuvenation. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2020;44(4):1159-1161.
Kahn DM, Shaw RB. Overview of current thoughts on facial volume and aging. Facial Plast Surg. 2010;26(5):350-5.
Shaw R, et al. Aging of the mandible and its aesthetic implications. Plastic Reconstructive Surgery. 2010;125(1):332-342.
Shaw R, et al. Aging of the facial skeleton: aesthetic implications and rejuvenation strategies. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2011;127(1):374-383.
Shaw RB Jr, et al. Facial bone density: effects of aging and impact on facial rejuvenation. Aesthet Surg J. 2012;32(8):937-42.
Daftary F, et al. Lifelong craniofacial growth and the implications for osseointegrated implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2013;28(1):163-9.
Bahat O, et al. The fourth dimension of 3D surgical alveolar ridge reconstruction: bone and soft tissue grafting to compensate for dynamic craniofacial changes associated with aging in partially edentulous patients influencing placement consideration for osseointegrated implants. In: Vertical alveolar ridge augmentation in implant dentistry: A surgical manual. Editor(s): Len Tolstunov. John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2016.
Spray JR, et al. The influence of bone thickness on facial marginal bone response: stage 1 placement through stage 2 uncovering. Ann Periodontol. 2000;5(1):119-28.

Bone Healing

Aghvami M, et al. A thermal and biological analysis of bone drilling. J Biomech Eng. 2018;1;140(10):101–8.
Chen CH, et al. A novel osteotomy preparation technique to preserve implant site viability and enhance osteogenesis. J Clin Med. 2019;1;8(2):170.
Coyac BR, et al. Optimizing autologous bone contribution to implant osseointegration. J Periodontol. 2020;91(12):1632-1644.
Coyac BR, et al. A WNT protein therapeutic accelerates consolidation of a bone graft substitute in a pre-clinical sinus augmentation model. J Clin Periodontol. 2022;49(8):782-798.
Buckwalter JA, et al. Bone biology. I: structure, blood supply, cells, matrix, and mineralization. Instructional Course Lectures. 1996;45:371–386.
Hankenson KD, et al. Angiogenesis in bone regeneration. Injury. 2011;42(6):556-61.
Stegen S, et al. Bringing new life to damaged bone: the importance of angiogenesis in bone repair and regeneration. Bone. 2015;70:19-27.
Mardas N, et al. Augmentation of exposed implant threads with autogenous bone chips. Clinical Oral Implants Research. 2001;12:169–176.
Widmark G, Ivanoff CJ. Augmentation of exposed implant threads with autogenous bone chips: prospective clinical study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2000;2(4):178-83.
Wilson JW, et al. Vascularization of cancellous chip bone grafts. Am J Vet Res. 1985;46(8):1691-9.
Wan C, et al. Role of HIF-1alpha in skeletal development. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010;1192:322-6.

Stress, strain and stability

Brunski JB. Biomechanical factors affecting the bone-dental implant interface. Clin Mater. 1992;10(3):153-201.
Wang L, et al. Biophysical regulation of osteotomy healing: An animal study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2017;19(4):590-599.
Li Z, et al. Effects of condensation and compressive strain on implant primary stability: A longitudinal, in vivo, multiscale study in mice. Bone Joint Res. 2020;16;9(2):60-70.
Yin X, et al. Mechanical and biological advantages of a tri-oval implant design. J Clin Med. 2019;28;8(4):427.
Mahendra J, et al. Evaluation of stress distribution during insertion of tapered dental implants in various osteotomy techniques: Three-Dimensional finite element study. Materials. 2021;14(24):7547.
Messias A, et al. Titanium dental implants with different collar design and surface modifications: A systematic review on survival rates and marginal bone levels. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2019;30(1):20-48.
Atieh MA, et al. Stability of tapered and parallel-walled dental implants: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2018;20(4):634-645.

Implant surface

Albrektsson T, Wennerberg A. (2019). On osseointegration in relation to implant surfaces. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res.;21 Suppl 1:4-7.
Barfeie A, et al. (2015). Implant surface characteristics and their effect on osseointegration. Br Dent J. 13;218(5):E9.  
Goyenvalle E et al. (2007) Calcium Phosphate Ceramic Blasting on Titanium Surface Improve Bone Ingrowth. Key Engineering Materials 361-363:1351-1354 
Schupbach P, et al (2019).. Al2O3 Particles on Titanium Dental Implant Systems following Sandblasting and Acid-Etching Process. Int J Biomater. 2:6318429 
Matos GRM. (2021) Surface Roughness of Dental Implant and Osseointegration. J Maxillofac Oral Surg.;20(1):1-4.  
Jemat A, (2015). Surface Modifications and Their Effects on Titanium Dental Implants. Biomed Res Int.;:791725. 
Monsalve-Guil L, et al. (2024). Clinical study with sandblasted dental implants: a 17-year retrospective follow up. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg.;62(2):191-196.